Abstract: Training astronauts using VR technology is a trend.Based on an astronaut virtual training system,head-mounted display（HMD） and desktop for navigation in virtual environments versus maps were evaluated concerning performance,mental workload,simulator sickness and usability.The results show that the subjects trained with virtual training system outperform the subjects trained with maps,but their simulate sicknesses are higher.No significant performance differences are found between the HMD group and the desktop group in normal visibility condition.However,the HMD group performed better than the desktop group in low visibility condition.Meanwhile,the HMD group perceived more simulate sicknesses.