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基于RBM无监督学习模型的图像数据去噪

Image Data Denoising Using the Unsupervised Learning Model of RBM

  • 摘要: 已有的受限Boltzmann机(restricted Boltzmann machine,RBM)模型去噪方法完全基于它是无向图模型,多个RBM组合模型,其低层的分布依赖于高层的分布,会导致计算复杂,去噪效果也一般,应用难以推广.为解决这一问题,提出基于RBM模型的深度信念网络(deep belief nets,DBN)的图像数据随机噪声去除的方法.将原始图像加入随机噪声,把带噪声的图像分割若干小块,将其一一拉成向量;批量输入2个隐层的DBN模型中进行学习,原始图像作为标签进行反向微调;最后将其学习的特征输出,还原成图像,即达到消除随机噪声的目的.将DBN模型分别在自然图像数据、模拟的地震数据和真实的地震数据上进行随机噪声去除实验,实验结果表明,提出的基于RBM模型的DBN在自然图像数据和地震数据上去噪方法可行的.在噪声标准差为50 dB时,Set12数据集中图像去噪后峰值信噪比至少提高2.08 dB,至少提高6.99%;且在不同噪声标准差下,该方法去除随机噪声效果均优于其他无监督学习算法和卷积神经网络等深度学习方法,说明RBM模型在图像特征学习性能、本质特征提取上有很强的能力.也为工程领域中的图像去噪方法提供了一种新的研究思路和借鉴.

     

    Abstract: The existing denoising methods for restricted Boltzmann machines (RBM) models are entirely based on their being undirected graphical models, when multiple RBM combination models are used, the distribution of the lower layer depends on the distribution of the higher layer. This leads to high computational complexity and subpar denoising performance and makes it difficult to generalize applications. To solve this problem, we propose a method for random noise removal from image data based on deep belief nets (DBN) with RBM models. The advantage of this method lies in the fact that the distribution of the lower layers does not depend on the distribution of the higher layers. Moreover, during the denoising process, it does not require training sets or pre-training, making it efficient and highly effective in denoising. The original image is added with random noise, and the noisy image is divided into several small blocks, which are pulled into vectors one by one, and then input into DBN model with two hidden layers to learn in batches. The original image is used as a label for fine-tuning, and finally the output is restored to the image, so as to eliminate the random noise. The DBN model algorithm is used to evaluate the effectiveness of removing random noise in the image data, simulated seismic data and real seismic data. The experimental results show that the proposed denoising method using DBN model is feasible in image data and seismic data. When the standard deviation of noise is 50 dB, the peak signal-to-noise ratio of the denoised images is improved by at least 2.08 dB and at least 6.99% on the Set12 dataset, and under different noise standard deviations, the proposed method outperforms other unsupervised learning algorithms and deep learning methods such as convolutional neural networks in removing random noise. This demonstrates that the RBM model has a strong performance in image feature learning and essential feature extraction. It also provides a new research idea and reference for image denoising methods in the engineering fields.

     

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