Abstract: As an application of virtual reality,virtual maintenance is widely used in maintainability design,process validation,and maintenance training of complex products.With the rapid development of simulation technology and hardware performance in recent years,as well as the continuous attention of enterprises and users to maintenance issues,virtual maintenance has also undergone profound changes in several dimen-sions,and gradually appeared the characteristics of multi-technology fusion and whole life-cycle application.Given the many changes of virtual maintenance,a systematic review of the literature over the past decade is conducted to summarize the development and application status of virtual maintenance.International studies are specially introduced.Finally,the challenges of virtual maintenance in scene consistency,immersion,and integration are summarized,and the future development trend is prospected.