Abstract: To improve the robustness of non-blind watermarking scheme against the attacks with high intensity and combination attacks,a novel watermarking scheme for three-dimensional models is proposed by constructing vertex distribution characteristics.Integrating the two ideas of zero watermarking and embedding watermarking,the scheme makes use of vertex norms to construct vertex distribution characteristics.Then based on these characteristics watermark is generated.The vertex distribution characteristics are strengthened according to the watermark inversely,which makes watermark and geometric characteristics of three-dimensional model fitted with each other and more stable.Experimental results show that the scheme proposed in this paper can effectively resist the common attacks including translation,rotation,uniform scaling,vertex re-ordering,noise,simplification,cropping,quantization,smoothing and subdivision,as well as combination attacks.