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融合双图卷积与重叠感知交叉注意力的部分重叠点云配准

Partial-Overlap Point Cloud Registration Integrating Dual-Graph Convolution and Overlap-Aware Cross-Attention

  • 摘要: 点云配准是计算机视觉、三维空间计算等领域的关键技术。针对部分重叠场景下点特征表达能力不足、噪声干扰与非重叠区域易造成误匹配的问题,提出一种融合双图卷积与重叠感知交叉注意力的部分重叠点云配准方法。首先构建融合中心点、邻域点、相对位移和距离尺度的增强边特征局部邻域图,通过注意力加权融合邻域特征,提取具有多尺度局部几何信息的点特征;然后基于几何图与特征图双图卷积构建跨域一致性约束下的上下文特征,将其与点特征融合形成跨域增强点特征;再通过自注意力与交叉注意力实现跨点、跨点云特征交互,得到每个点的重叠分数以及重叠区域点云;在此基础上设计重叠感知交叉注意力模块,将重叠分数作为先验引入交叉注意力以强化重叠区域特征一致性;最后为了减弱旋转与平移在联合估计中的相互干扰,构建旋转与平移双分支并行特征路径,分别得到软对应矩阵以求解刚体变换,提高位姿估计的准确性。在ModelNet40、3DMatch和KITTI数据集上的实验结果表明,与多数主流方法相比,所提方法具有更高的配准精度和更好的鲁棒性,可以有效地实现部分重叠点云的稳定配准。

     

    Abstract: Point cloud registration is a key technology in computer vision, three-dimensional spatial computing, and related fields. To address the insufficient point feature representation capability in partially overlapping scenarios, as well as the mismatching problems caused by noise interference and non-overlapping regions, we proposes a partial-overlap point cloud registration method that integrates dual-graph convolution and overlap-aware cross-attention. First, an enhanced edge-feature local neighborhood graph is constructed by integrating the center point, neighboring points, relative displacement, and distance scale. The neighbor-hood features are then fused through attention-based weighting to extract point features containing mul-ti-scale local geometric information. Subsequently, contextual features under cross-domain consistency constraints are constructed based on dual-graph convolution with a geometric graph and a feature graph, and are fused with point features to form cross-domain enhanced point features. Then, self-attention and cross-attention are employed to achieve intra-point-cloud and inter-point-cloud feature interaction, thereby obtaining the overlap score of each point and the point clouds in the overlapping regions. On this basis, an overlap-aware cross-attention module is designed, in which the overlap scores are introduced as priors into the cross-attention mechanism to strengthen the feature consistency of overlapping regions. Finally, to al-leviate the mutual interference between rotation and translation in joint estimation, a dual-branch parallel feature pathway for rotation and translation is constructed, through which soft correspondence matrices are obtained separately to solve the rigid transformation and improve the accuracy of pose estimation. Exper-imental results on the ModelNet40, 3DMatch, and KITTI datasets demonstrate that, compared with most mainstream methods, the proposed method achieves higher registration accuracy and better robustness, and can effectively realize stable registration of partially overlapping point clouds.

     

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