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基于墙线参数化与混合整数规划的端到端Scan-to-BIM方法

End-to-End Scan-to-BIM with Wall-Line Parameterization and Mixed-Integer Linear Programming

  • 摘要: 针对室内点云中遮挡、噪声及非正交结构等因素导致标准化建筑信息模型(building information modeling,BIM)自动生成困难的问题,提出一种融合语义先验与全局优化的端到端Scan-to-BIM方法。首先,利用Swin3D网络获取逐点语义信息,并基于天花板投影提取空间边界先验;然后,在二维平面上实施多阶段墙线提取与方向感知融合,引入语义-几何联合概率模型以生成高置信度的候选墙线;再将房间闭合问题形式化为混合整数线性规划(mixed-integer linear programming,MILP),在连接一致性、环路闭合与模型复杂度约束下求解拓扑最优的墙线子集;最后,依据优化结果进行墙体参数估计,并利用基于工业基础类(industry foundation classes,IFC)标准的开源建模工具实现参数化建模,输出符合IFC标准的BIM。在BIMNET数据集上的实验结果表明,与Cloud2BIM和A-Scan2BIM方法相比,所提方法的倒角距离和豪斯多夫距离误差更低,投影交并比提升至0.758,墙线段准确率达0.799;在拓扑层面,房间闭合率提升至0.71,角点误差降至0.037 4 m。消融实验进一步验证了语义约束、天花板先验及MILP全局优化对方法性能的贡献。所提方法为复杂室内场景的自动化Scan-to-BIM提供了一条可复现且标准兼容的技术路径。

     

    Abstract: Occlusion, noise, and non-orthogonal structures hinder the automated generation of standardized building information modeling (BIM) from indoor point clouds. An end-to-end Scan-to-BIM method integrating semantic priors and global optimization is proposed. Specifically, point-wise semantic information is ob-tained using the Swin3D network, and spatial boundary priors are extracted from ceiling projections. On a 2D plane, multi-stage wall-line extraction and orientation-aware fusion are performed, and a seman-tic-geometric joint probability model is introduced to generate high-confidence candidate wall lines. The room-closure problem is then formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) problem to select a topologically optimal wall-line subset under connectivity, loop-closure, and model-complexity con-straints. Based on the optimization results, wall parameters are estimated, and parametric modeling is im-plemented using an open-source modeling tool compliant with the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) standard to output IFC-compliant BIM models. Experiments on the BIMNET dataset demonstrate that, compared with Cloud2BIM and A-Scan2BIM, the proposed method achieves lower Chamfer and Hausdorff distance errors, with a projected intersection-over-union (IoU) of 0.758 and wall-segment precision of 0.799. At the topological level, the room-closure rate increases to 0.71 and the corner error decreases to 0.037 4 m. Ablation experiments further verify that semantic constraints, ceiling priors, and MILP-based global optimization contribute to the method's geometric accuracy and topological completeness. The pro-posed method provides a reproducible and standards-compatible technical pathway for automated Scan-to-BIM in complex indoor scenes.

     

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