Abstract: As a typical cross-application between medicine and industry, the study of motion rehabilitation technology based on virtual reality (VR) has attracted more and more scholars’ attention recently . Based on the review of relevant research work, this paper firstly analyzes three starting points for VR technology to improve motor nerve function: first, VR is used to optimize the motor imagination effect; second, virtual environment can provide repetitive task training; third, virtual learning tasks are transferred to the real environment. Then, it summarizes three core elements that should be considered when designing virtual rehabilitation environment: visual presentation of movement, immediate behavioral feedback mechanism, and rich contextual information. The latest applications of VR in the rehabilitation of neurological injuries such as stroke and spinal cord injury are then reviewed, and the clinical potential and initial results of VR rehabilitation technology were demonstrated. Finally, the core problems faced by VR of neurological rehabilitation are summarized: In-depth understanding of the key influence mechanism of various sensory information in VR in the neural process is the key to fully explore the potential of VR technology. The purpose of this review is to provide theoretical support and technical reference for the clinical application and research of VR in the field of neurorehabilitation.