Abstract: To address the challenges of low efficiency and poor accuracy in optimizing complex contour cutting paths with multiple nested layers and a large number of cuts, an improved fireworks algorithm-based nested contour cutting path optimization method is proposed. First, an empty travel path optimization model that includes the starting point position and cutting sequence is established under the constraint of internal-to-external first. Second, a hierarchical strategy-based encoding method for contour sequences is designed to achieve layer-wise decomposition and ordering of nested contours. In addition, an improved fireworks algorithm based on an adaptive mutation operator is proposed, which adaptively adjusts the number of mutated sparks to reduce the path intersection probability, improving the computational efficiency and global optimization capability of the path optimization algorithm. Finally, the experimental results of practical cases in the clothing, advertising and sheet metal industries are analyzed to validate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed approach, which provides a valuable solution for solving related industry problems.